What exactly is happening to a Raw photo when it becomes a JPEG and what about Raw photos are so preferable for photo editing
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JPEG first cuts the image into 8×8 pixel squares. Each square is then approximated with a stack of special noise patterns. So instead of storing the color values of each of 64 pixels in the raw image. The jpeg stores how much (the opacity or weight) of each noise pattern is used to re-create the image. Then, jpeg throws away most of the noise patterns keeping only the noise patterns which do the best job re-createing the image within each 8×8 square.
The quality setting determines how many of the noise patterns are kept and how many are thrown away. This is why heavily compressed images have a distinct noise pattern.
See [here](https://images.app.goo.gl/U3vGsCiPDhZJjS7bA) for the special set of noise patterns used in jpeg.
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