With mild atrophy you can regain full function as the actual cells remain but their contents decrease. The cells are ready and waiting to plump back up with use.
In some severe atrophy some of the cells may be removed, which makes it hard to regain full size.
As for blood work, a slow controlled atrophy won’t do a lot to the blood but the disassembly leaves chemistry behind which can be measured. Uncontrolled muscle damage though like say crushing damage or a severe change in exercise can cause a rapid rise in certain compounds that can hurt you (kidney failure).
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