I’m quite confused on what the static pressure P is in Bernoulli’s equation. I’m not sure if it’s the external pressure causing fluid to move through, let’s say, a pipe, or the internal pressure within the fluid that’s moving in all the directions.
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Those aren’t two different things. That’s the point. Pressure is the force exerted outwards in all directions and is the force exerted on the fluid causing it to move, and these two seemingly contrary forces aren’t just always balanced quantitatively they are *literally the same*. For a fluid in a pipe, for instance, the “external” pressure pushes on the fluid, and this causes the fluid to push against everything else in all directions, including both the pipe (which resists that pressure if it has sufficient structural integrity) and the “open” end of the pipe, causing the fluid to flow away from the source of that pressure (which includes all the other fluid pushing against it…)
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