If by exactly you mean on a neurological level then no one knows. But generally ego death is a term that describes a subjective experience with some common qualities across examples. Qualities include a feeling of dying, a feeling of loosing the sense of self. The boundary between self and the outside world dissolves. This may induce a feeling of unity with everything, specifically everything alive, maybe because there are no individuals only life or consciousnesses in general. It may also induce a feeling of loneliness maybe because it is lonely to exist in a world without any individuals.
https://youtu.be/U3lWVLuc6CE?si=t6NpxQOUbcn2YX45 this guy took a drug while wearing an EEG helmet (or similar) and found relatively long term reduced activity in brain regions associated with the ego after ingestion.
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