In the early moments of the universe, it was very hot. So hot that electrons and protons couldn’t stick together, so there was a steady glow almost like in a neon lamp.
The universe expanded and cooled. The glow stopped. The light from that glow was then allowed to continue moving through the universe. As it expanded more, the light got stretched out and went from being ultraviolet light down to radio waves.
The CMB is these radio waves. Leftover radiation from all directions produced in the very early universe. There are patches of the sky where it’s brighter or dimmer, and that’s what you see in maps of it.
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