Photographs collect light over a period of time. If the photo were taken ‘instantly’, no photons would reach the inside of the camera and you’d have no picture. If the photo were taken super fast, very few photons would get in and you’d have a super static-ey image. Photos are usually taken as quickly as they can be without becoming static-ey in order to avoid blurring from camera or subject movement. This length of time is the exposure. Really dim subjects can require super long exposures in order to get enough photons to make a good picture.
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