What exactly makes some car’s engines durable than the others?
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There are many factors that make an engine durable. The design of the engine, the materials used to make the engine, and how well the engine is maintained all play a role in how long an engine will last.
If you build more precisely with better tolerances, using better materials and more robust quantities of them, and you ensure better lubrication and heat management, your engine will last longer.
If an engine can out put 100 horse powers but only needs 60 horses to do 40mph over the speed limit, but you restrict it to 50 horse powers. 50 horses work and 50 horses get to take a break in the engine everytime it’s turned on. So if one horse hurts itself. 49 horses take a break. 1 gets shot and 50 keep working. Double the engine life.
Theoretical HP of an engine far exceeds what manufacturers release them as. That’s why aftermarket parts exist. The bulb that burns twice as bright burns half as long.
The other comments are spot on with the details, but they all boil down to two things: operating margin and protection.
Operating margin is how hard the material is stressed (actual stress, temperature, shock loading, whatever) compared to how much it can withstand. Higher margins mean the material isn’t working as hard and reduces the likelyhood to break.
Protection is the stuff that slows wear of the parts…this is mostly lubrication and cooling, for engines, but can also include things like corrosion protection for the outside, sealing the electrical connectors, etc.
Operating margin is how much abuse your parts can withstand when new. Protection is what keeps your margin intact for years and years and years.
Engines fail when a part, somewhere, runs out of margin. As long as none of your parts fail, you keep running.
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