The only thing inside a metronome is a coil spring. A metronome is basically just a pendulum (heavy weight dangling from a pivot point). The only thing that affects how frequently a pendulum swings is the distance of the weight from the pivot point. So you change the metronome timing by sliding a weight closer or father from the pivot. The spring provides the force to push it back and forth as the swinging pendulum winds and unwinds the spring.
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