The most basic electrical component of a computer is a transistor. A transistor controls the flow of electrical signal. It can be in an “on” state or “off” state. These two states are binary, where 1 is on (send signal) and 0 is off (no signal).
Now think of how Morse code works. You can tap down or lift up. It can be a short tap, long tap, rapid short taps, long pause between taps, etc. The actual signal is binary, tap or not tap. However, it can be combined in a number of ways to encode a message. As long as the receiver has the same understanding they can decode the message.
Similar to Morse code, a computer can have a lot of controllers, lots of combinations of switches in on and off state, and a programming language is the shared understanding between all the components.
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