Urine has uric acid and ammonia, which get converted into some nasty chemicals by the chlorine, and these largely go off into the air for swimmers to breathe. There’s usually little bacteria (edit), so not much for the chlorine to kill. But it takes a LOT of urine to cause any health problems given it’s a drop in the bucket (a little pee in 15 to 490 thousand gallons of water). Sweat also has uric acid, so rinse off before going in.
What to do about it? Good ventilation in indoor pools helps keep people from breathing the off gassed chemicals. Enzyme, ozone, or UV treatment can help neutralize the chemicals in the urine before the chlorine breaks it all down.
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