What is a calorie and how is it measured in food?

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What is a calorie and how is it measured in food?

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A calorie is the amount of energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1 cubic cm of water by 1 degree Celsius.

To measure the calories in food, you burn that food, (not just light it on fire, the device is called bomb calorimeter) and measure the change in temperature of surrounding water you get from that reaction, which tells you how many calories were in it.