A condenser is another name for a capacitor. It is like a little electronic “reservoir” or “buffer”, which can hold a charge of electricity in it. If current flows into it charging it up up to a certain voltage, it will stay at that voltage until some current is allowed to flow back out of it. (…or until even more current is pushed into it.)
A transistor is like an electronic “valve” or electricity-controlled switch, where a small variation in voltage, and little/no current flow on one pin of the component, can allow/block a large amount of current from flowing between two other pins.
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