It is long term, typically measured based on a year or a ‘rainy season’ worth of rain. It can rain many times during the drought but still be significantly below average for the rainy season. So if there is supposed to be 30 inches of rain over the rainy season, there is a drought because last year there was 15 inches of rain in total. And then if there is 16 inches of rain the next rainy season, that has some days of heavy rain, but it still isn’t enough to end the drought, because there is still a big shortfall in the expected rain.
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