If you have an exponential function like f(x) = 10^x, that function turns an additive increase in input, into a percentage increase in output.
So if your input goes from 0 to 1, f(x) increases from 1 to 10. If your input goes from 1 to 2, f(x) increases from 10 to 100. If your input goes from 2 to 3, f(x) increases from 100 to 1000. And so on.
A logarithm function is the reverse (technically, the inverse) of an exponential function. So if g(x) = log(x), then if you increase your *input* from 1 to 10, the *output* of g() increases from 0 to 1. If you increase your input from 10 to 100, the output of g() increases from 1 to 2. If you increase your input from 100 to 1000, the output of g() increases from 2 to 3.
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