What is a phoneme, a morpheme and a syntax?
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Language can be understood through three key concepts: phoneme, morpheme, and syntax. Phonemes are the smallest distinct units of sound in a language, like “p” and “b” in English. They differentiate words, such as “pat” and “bat.” Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, like “un-” and “-ness” in “unhappiness,” which modify or create words. Syntax refers to the rules governing how words are combined to form meaningful sentences, such as word order and agreement (e.g., subject-verb agreement). Together, these elements form the structural foundation of language, from sounds and meanings to sentence construction.
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