Public company is one where shares (part ownership) of the company are traded in public stock exchanges. Anyone can purchase and sell shares of a public company.
A private company is one where ownership of the company is privately held and the shares of said company cannot be traded in public exchanges. They can be bought and sold through private contracts.
To maintain absolute control of a company, don’t make it public and don’t sell shares of it privately to anyone else. Also don’t default on personal debts as ownership of a company is considered an asset and can be seized in cases of bankruptcy or if a successful civil lawsuit is brought against the owner.
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