There are already some solid responses, but to tack onto them, what makes a Turing Machine notable is it’s ability to read data and perform operations on it. When something is referred to as “Turing complete” it means it can perform all the operations of a computer.
Fun fact: There were [Turing complete computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_engine) designed roughly 100 years before the invention of the Turing Machine.
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