It is a term from game theory.
It means that no matter who wins or loses, everone’s wins and losses always add up to the same thing.
In order for someone to win big someone else has to lose big.
In real life things often look like they might be zero-sum when you oversimplify them but real aren’t.
Non-zero-sum games have outcomes where it is possible to maximize the collective winnings by working together while in zero sum games the pot won’t grow any bigger no matter what you do and it is best to just try to win yourself.
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