Wow. No one seems to have actually explained heuristics and specifically affect heuristic.
ELI5: so much is going on around us that our brain finds shortcuts to decide if something is important or not. So heuristics are these mental shortcuts so we can react fast without spending additional time and energy deciding things.
Early humans, see dark area and get a bad feeling in their gut. They can then walk the other way immediately possibly saving their life. This is much better than stopping and analyzing all sorts of things: the possibility of a saber tooth tiger being there, are we down wind, are there tracks, etc. So heuristics helped early humans survive and are passed on to us.
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