Say you have 5 cities: A, B, C, D, E and 10 people from each city want to fly to every other city, so 10 people from A want to fly to B, 10 want to fly to C, 10 want to fly to D, etc. There would be 200 people in this example, with 20 different flight paths going on.
You could send those 20 flights, but that is a lot of flights to have. An alternative would be to have a flight to one city from every other city and then the reverse, so maybe flights from B, C, D, and E to city A, and then a flight from city A to cities B, C, D, and E. This way, you only have 8 flights instead of the 20.
Of course, the trade off is that this way, a lot of the people have to take 2 flights. If you’re traveling to or from city A (which is the hub), you only need 1 flight, but otherwise you have to take 2
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