Essentially it’s a class of chemical reactions which meet certain criteria. If they meet all the criteria, it’s a bit like snapping together lego bricks. The molecules just ‘click’.
You want the reaction to:
* have one product rather than a mixture
* to not need a special solvent so it can take place in water
* work in the presence of oxygen
These reactions mean you can even do the reactions inside living cells, which is otherwise not somewhere you can do chemical reactions!
Standard chemical reactions often produce a mix of products that need to then be separated, and only work in strange solvents and under nitrogen atmosphere.
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