From a California standpoint:
Our oceans have circular currents, which are guided by winds (tradewinds) During El Nino, the trade winds decrease.
So going to back California. The pacific ocean current in the northern hemisphere goes clockwise. Warm equatorial water rises up to japan, gets colder, then comes down from Alaska. (That’s why California’s ocean is usually below 60 degrees).
But in El Nino, the decrease is trade winds causes the warm water at the equator to rise up central and North america, instead of going to Japan/Alaska first. I remember El Nino 1998. The water was so warm off the coast of So Cal.
The change in trade winds and change in ocean temperature causes jet stream patterns to change and that changes the weather.
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