Firstly, you have to understand that weather patterns often follow what occurs in the water around them – because clouds/rain comes from bodies of water.
El Nino and La Nina events are caused by a body of water within the Pacific Ocean that is regionally warmer and moves along the equator between the western Pacific to the Eastern Pacific and back. Warm water tends to evaporate quicker and thus creates more water in the air thus more rainfall than average leading to flooding. But the whole thing is a cycle so if it’s raining in one place there will be drier air in the other and less rainfall and droughts.
There is more to it, and how it interacts with other weather patterns but this is the general overview of this particular pattern.
Edit: someone please correct me if I’m wrong, this is just going off memory
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