How it can affect the eyes:
Elevated glucose levels will lead to inflammation or blockages within the cardiovascular system. Essentially the tiny little vessels such as in the eyes, become blocked or swell or bulge. This can lead to retinopathy, which in turn can lead to proliferative retinopathy, whereby the body grows new vessels to try and return blood blow to the retina.
But new vessels are inferior and brittle, and instead leak and lift away membrane layers of the eye.
So you end up with things like detached retina.
As for nefropathy (kidneys) and neuropathy (loss of feeling in extremities), i suspect it is a similar affair.
Though i specifically work in Diabetic Retinopathy (eyes)
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