What is Non-Euclidean Geometry?
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An example of non-Euclidean geometry is the geometry of 2d objects on the surface of a globe.
We are introduced to geometry (nearly always) by assuming that the 2d objects exist on a flat plane. In this plane, internal angles of triangles add up to 180 degrees and parallel lines never meet. (The parallel lines thing is Euclid’s fifth postulate – ELI5) From here we develop things like cartesian coordinates. Distance can be measured using Pythagoras.
Non-Euclidean geometry abandons the parallel postulate and imagines geometry (can be 2D, 3D etc) in curved spaces. It introduces the concept of curvature (which is a measure of non-flatness)
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