size and speed. pcie x1 has 1 communication lane and is about 1 inch long, x4 has 4 and is 2 inches long, and x16 has 16 and is about 4 inches long.
naturally this corresponds to 4x and 16x speeds
there is also a gen number, for generation each generation is about twice as fast per lane as the previous. (so pcie gen3x16 is about as fast as gen4x8)
a x1 device can use any slot, a x4 can use x16 alot, etc
sometimes an x16 can use a x1 slot, but it gas to be a specially cut slot, and it will run slow
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