As u/Probablynotabadguy says, these can be context dependent. In my area of study I would translate the terms as “research” and “explanatory” variable.
The Research, or Output variable, is what you’re looking to understanding – say, the grades of students. The Explanatory, or input variable, would be what you’re trying to show is correlated to the output, say for example time spent on Social Media.
Output might the average height of a population, input might be diet.
Output might be rates of home ownership, input might be average income.
The next step in your lesson might be causation vs. correlation. For example, the rates of drowning in the US is correlated to the release of movies starting Nicholas Cage, but clearly the movies aren’t *causing* the drownings.
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