Resolution relates directly to how many distinct pixels need to be shown to you. The larger the resolution, the more fine-grained all the details will be on your screen, because pixels will each be a smaller part of the overall image. Smaller resolution images showed on larger screens get blurry, since your computer uses some sort of approximation to guess at the intermediary pixels – often just an average of the neighbouring known pixels.
More pixels means more effort for your GPU and so more time per frame, which means it can do less frames per second.
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