schism is a major split in a church. A good example of a schism is Protestant Vs Catholic. Among the various contended issues was if you could buy your way into heaven (catholic) or not (protestant) (this is a horrific oversimplification btw). When Martin Luther said “Na M8 you cant just buy your way into heaven” the Pope replied “That is Heresy, and I am no longer talking to you because you are an Evil Heretic, and none of my friends are your friends anymore.” (Excommunicated)
Basically when a major schism happens SOMEONE is getting excommunicated by one side or the other (generally both)
Excommunicated effectively means “expelled from the church by its leader”
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