It’s a hash, which is a unique string that can only be associated to a specific file. To determine if a file really is the exact same file from a trusted source and not something malicious pretending to be one, you can check the hash using a program or yourself.
The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is a family of hashes. SHA-1 and SHA-256 are different hash types and would give different hashes for the same file.
I might be wrong.
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