For most modern consumer devices, like phones, the software is basically just one large file on a storage chip inside the device. A software update involves just writing a second file containing the updated software, and then resetting the device so that it runs the new software instead of the old software. Once the new software starts okay, it’s safe to discard the old file.
This is a safer approach than what they used to do, which was to bundle all of the changed files in an update and go through a detailed process of updating all of a little individual files in your operating system. This was prone to error and hard to do while the system was running. It’s more robust to clearly separate out the OS image from the data and configuration on devices like this, and that lets you simplify how updates occur.
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