Most legal systems have elaborate rules setting out which kinds of cases can be heard by which courts. The ability of a court to hear a case is called its jurisdiction. In the US, the rules are traditionally divided up into “personal jurisdiction”, i.e. the question of whether the court has authority over the people involved in the case, “territorial jurisdiction”, i.e. the question of whether the court has authority over the locations involved in the case, and “subject-matter jurisdiction”, i.e. the question of whether the court has authority over the particular legal issues that the case is about.
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