The bias is the bias towards considering survivors *and only* the survivors. You are ignoring the losses.
100 planes go out.
10 planes come back.
“These 10 surviving planes sure have a lot of bullet holes in the tail. We had better increase the armour in the tail area.”
But if you examine the planes that were lost, what will you find? Perhaps that they were all shot through the cockpit. The planes don’t need more tail armour, they need more cockpit armour.
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