When you talk about dimensions, you are really just talking about how many numbers you need to describe a point or a direction in space. You need to be able to say how high up it is, how far to the left or right it is, and how far forwards or back it is. If you have these three numbers (and a reference point), you can describe, precisely, any position in space. If you only have two dimensions, say on a map where you only have latitude and longitude, those two numbers can’t tell you how high up or deep down something is. So strictly speaking, there are only 3 spatial dimensions.
We can describe a system where you need four numbers to specify a position. But since that wouldn’t be a description of our real world, our brains really, really struggle to imagine it, because it doesn’t really exist.
When you are talking about something happening over time, you still only need three numbers to describe its position in space, but you also need to describe *when* it happens. Since this is now four numbers, time is often called the “fourth” dimension. But since we experience it very differently from how we experience space, we don’t naturally think of it that way.
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