At Oxford University, it’s decided by a committee. Academic staff nominate people, and then they’re discussed.They consider academics, artists, sportspeople, and business people. They don’t normally accept people who worked there, or politicians.
“In agreeing the final list, the Committee takes into account a number of factors, including (but not limited to):
The overall balance of the academic subjects, and the areas of public services, the creative/performing arts and sports
The relative eminence of each nominee in their own particular field
The reach of the nominee’s impact/contribution to society
The diversity of the nominees
The timing of awards in particular subject areas
To what extent the nominees’ achievements are consonant with the mission and values of the University”
[Details are online](https://governance.admin.ox.ac.uk/committee-on-honorary-degrees).
Honourary titles are meant to go to people who made a major contribution to the field that the title is associated with, despite not having gone through the formal process of acquiring one, or did go through the process but were unable to complete it due to one circumstance or another. The honourary title recognizes that they have the knowledge and/or skill to hold an official title.
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