It literally just means that something consists of two things (aspects, variants, etc.)
It can mean a lot of things, depending on context – and it can be misleading in situations where there isn’t really “only” two possibility.
For example, we can talk about a “dualistic” world view, where everything is divided into two options: good and evil, us and them, left and right, man and woman, republicans and democrats, etc. you get the gist.
This becomes misleading, when there would be more than just these – not everybody who is not “left” is “right”, not everybody who is now a republican is a democrat, not everybody who you don’t consider “good” is actually “evil”, etc.
There are many other meanings of the term, but they all depend on the context.
It means “something related to number two”. Usually relates to some two things coexisting in some conflict. It is hard to be more precise without a context. So some examples:
Wave-corpuscular duality means that in the quantum world things seem to behave in two different ways — both as discreet particles and as “waves of probability”.
The song “Duality” of Slipknot seems to be about some internal conflict of the human nature. The lyrical subject believes that there is some conflict inside them that can be fixed by either ”putting back together” or “separating the skin from bone”.
there are a few meanings for example being 2 things at the same time ie Jesus is meant to be both divine and human in most christian dogma, duality nature, or two things going on at the same time ie the material world with evil and the perfect world of god without it which was generally declared heretical, or there’s ontological dualism which is about reducing things to two categories, black and white, good and evil, us and them etc
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