The frequency of the light determines its color, but more importantly it determines the energy contained in a photon of light–the higher the frequency the greater the energy. This was discovered by Max Planck and used by Albert Einstein in his explanation of the photoelectric effect that won him his Nobel Prize (no he didn’t win it for relativity).
E = hv
E is the energy of the photon
h is Planck’s constant
v is the frequency of the light
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