Chemically there is not much more difference then there usually are between different drugs. The distinction is a legal one. There are a lot of politics involved in deciding which drugs requires a prescription and which don’t. The concept is that drugs which might be abused and damage ones health should be harder to get requireing a prescription from a doctor. So adictive drugs or drugs that are easy to overdose on will usually not be sold over the counter. A few drugs might be sold over the counter in low concentrations as it is hard to take too many of them but might require a prescription for higher concentrations. In these cases the chemical is the same but in different concentrations. But most drugs are completely different chemicals.
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