The ‘wagon wheel effect’. It only really happens in real life when the wheel is being lit up by something like a street light that flickers at a really fast rate that you normally can’t perceive. When each spoke is lit up your brain takes a snapshot of where it is and tries to process what the wheel is doing. If the next spoke is lit up just behind where the previous spoke was, it looks like the wheel is spinning backwards. This happens more often in movies due to the frame rate of the film taking those snapshots instead of the light that’s illuminating the wheel.
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