In mathematics, a two-dimensional graph is a way of representing the relationship between two different variables. In the case of the political compass, the two variables are social liberty, and wing “handedness” (left or right). Social liberty refers to how much freedom individual people have, wing handedness refers to how much freedom classes have (i.e. left-wing prioritizes the working class, right-wing prioritizes the owning class).
Personally, I don’t think the political compass is the best way to understand political positions, so it’s not that big of a deal if you don’t get it. If you think about it, both variables are just different kinds of hierarchy: social liberty is about how much other people can tell you what to do in your personal life, wing handedness is about how much other people can tell you what to do at work. It’s unusual for those two positions to be significantly different in real life governments.
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