You compress the arteries in the neck to cut off blood flow to the brain, and they pass out.
If you were to continue the hold for much longer they would suffer brain damage and quickly die. Combat sport athletes will typically tap out before they actually lose consciousness completely, otherwise the referee or the other fighter will stop the fight once they see you go limp.
When the person is still fighting the submission, they’re still getting blood flow.
To kill them you’d have to continue the hold long after it’s obvious they’re out cold.
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