It’s sort of like angular momentum, but associated with particles, and isn’t tied to anything actually rotating. It’s just an intrinsic property of those particles, and it classifies their behaviour (fermions with half-integer spin, bosons for full integer). It also determines where how the electron’s magnetic field is oriented (it’s the same axis).
It’s fully described mathematically and we know what it does, but I’m not actually sure if there’s even a currently accepted model of what is it’s source. Maybe if there’s a professional physycist on this reddit, they can say.
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