Air pressure is not uniform.
There might be a pocket of very dense air on one wing, and very thin air on the other.
This makes the plane engines more or less effective, and the wings get more or less lift. Making the plane lean, rise/drop or shake a little bit.
Usually a plane can handle this very smoothly, but ‘turbulence’ is when there is a lot of very sharp changes in air pressure.
Typically caused by wind changing direction or an area where there are 2 conflicting streams of wind, that the plane travels through.
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