It’s complex. Here’s an example for graphics optimization.
Minecraft divides most things into blocks. The computer has to calculate what each block looks like and then it draws that. Drawing each block would be very simple but the vast, vast majority of blocks on the screen can’t be seen by the player so it’s pointless to do and would waste a ton of GPU time. The optimization here is using the player camera to figure out which blocks can be seen. Then you only draw the blocks that can be seen. The rest still exist. The computer is still tracking them. They just don’t need any graphics yet. This cuts down your drawn blocks from like 10s of thousands to maybe a thousand or less.
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