A contract is a “meeting of minds”. This means that both parties understand and agree to the contract. If it turns out later that one party didn’t understand the contract, or as you mention that the contract contains a mistake, then the contract **may** be invalid. It becomes a judgement call from some enforcement body, like a civil court judge. They will consider things like “Did both parties have the opportunity to read the entire contract?” and then make their decision. When we’re talking about contracts between countries, there is **basically** no enforcement body to make the judgement call, so the authority is decided much in the same way it would be decided in an isolated room of people. In that case, the question considered is “What happens if I don’t fulfil the contract?”
A signature is generally uniquely identifiable and somewhat difficult to mimic, like a fingerprint. That’s the idea, anyway.
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