Better is subjective to the task, powerful is subjective to the task, different language developed to specific tasks, and yes. they are all essentially based on the same thing, which is machine code.
To provide more context.
Java was made to makes it simpler to develop and maintain software for network devices, mostly in the form of embedded systems.
C# was made to replace java.
C++ was made to optimize resource usasge.
PHP was made cause C alone was a bit complicated, and PHP streamlined the process of making webpages.
MySQL was designed to manage massive databases.
And sure, you can manage massive databases in C#, C++, PHP and Java, but MySQL does it better. The only time you dont use a hammer when you need a hammer, is when you dont have a hammer, and make due with what you have.
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