I can help with the last question.
The part of the world that is comparable as for as reefs, though not the same sort of contiguous scale, but exceeds the Barrier Reef in biodiversity, is the Coral Triangle (Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua, and the Solomons)
I dived the outer Great Barrier Reef, and I’ve dived all over the South Pacific and SE Asia, but nothing has ever been comparable to diving in Indonesia in places like Raja Ampat or Komodo as far as reef health and ecosystem health. The reefs there are like the idealized Pixar version of a coral reef. Just stupefyingly beautiful.
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