What makes modern nuclear reactors so safe comparatively to historical reactors?
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Early reactors (assuming research and power) varied in design quite a bit so lessons learned were more difficult to apply to others. Luck and hope played a large role. In modern times the big diff is just operating time. Like anything, the more you work with something the more you learn about it. Experience for dealing with waste, maintenance, training, environmental impacts, worker safety, quality, etc.
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