In ELI5 terms, the bar exam is hard to pass because it is a hard test. In most states it is a two day grind, which is hard. If you do not pass you will not be able to do the job you literally have spent the last three years (and probably a lot of money) working toward, so the stress is very hard. And all of that is before you actually get into the fact that you need to be able to remember just about everything you learned in law school.
Some law schools will prepare you better than others. Most reputable law schools will tell you the pass/fail statistics for graduates.
Also, you didn’t ask, but there is also some variety between the states. California’s bar exam is notoriously hard.
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