There are 2 main factors that determine how well a certain lubrication works.
1. Viscosity. This is the measure of how well a liquid flows. Typical liquids like water have extremely high viscosity levels while substances like molasses and honey have very low viscosities. All oils/lubes have lower viscosity than water, that way it doesn’t just run off your hand/machine/whatever it is applied to.
2. Hydrophobicity. This deals with how compounds react when exposed to water. The more hydrophobic a compound is, the more it avoids water on contact. This partly explains why some oils are difficult to was away.
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